University of Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (french: Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, links=yes), also known as Paris 1 or Panthéon-Sorbonne University, is a

public In public relations and communication science, publics are groups of individual people, and the public (a.k.a. the general public) is the totality of such groupings. This is a different concept to the sociological concept of the ''Öffentlichkei ...

research university A research university or a research-intensive university is a university that is committed to research as a central part of its mission. They are the most important sites at which knowledge production occurs, along with "intergenerational kno ...

located in

Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...

. It was created in 1971 from two faculties of the historic

University of Paris , image_name = Coat of arms of the University of Paris.svg , image_size = 150px , caption = Coat of Arms , latin_name = Universitas magistrorum et scholarium Parisiensis , motto = ''Hic et ubique terrarum'' (Latin) , mottoeng = Here and a ...

– colloquially referred to as the Sorbonne – after the

May 1968 The following events occurred in May 1968: May 1, 1968 (Wednesday) * CARIFTA, the Caribbean Free Trade Association, was formally created as an agreement between Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Guyana, and Trinidad and Tobago. * RAF Strike ...

protests, which resulted in the division of one of the world's oldest universities. Most of the law professors of the

Faculty of Law and Economics of Paris The Faculty of Law of Paris (french: Faculté de droit de Paris), called from the late 1950s to 1970 the Faculty of Law and Economics of Paris, is the second-oldest faculty of law in the world and one of the four and eventually five faculties ...

preferred to perpetuate the faculty as a university, now called

Paris 2 Panthéon-Assas University Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. Si ...

, but most of its professors in Economics, considered as a secondary discipline within the historical faculty of law, preferred to found the multidisciplinary Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne University with professors of the faculty of humanities of Paris and a few professors of law. Panthéon-Sorbonne has three main domains: Economic and Management Sciences, Human Sciences, and Legal and Political Sciences; comprising several subjects such as:

Economics Economics () is the social science that studies the Production (economics), production, distribution (economics), distribution, and Consumption (economics), consumption of goods and services. Economics focuses on the behaviour and intera ...

Law Law is a set of rules that are created and are enforceable by social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior,Robertson, ''Crimes against humanity'', 90. with its precise definition a matter of longstanding debate. It has been vario ...

Philosophy Philosophy (from , ) is the systematized study of general and fundamental questions, such as those about existence, reason, knowledge, values, mind, and language. Such questions are often posed as problems to be studied or resolved. Some ...

Geography Geography (from Greek: , ''geographia''. Combination of Greek words ‘Geo’ (The Earth) and ‘Graphien’ (to describe), literally "earth description") is a field of science devoted to the study of the lands, features, inhabitants, and ...

Humanities Humanities are academic disciplines that study aspects of human society and culture. In the Renaissance, the term contrasted with divinity and referred to what is now called classics, the main area of secular study in universities at the t ...

Cinema Cinema may refer to: Film * Cinematography, the art of motion-picture photography * Film or movie, a series of still images that create the illusion of a moving image ** Film industry, the technological and commercial institutions of filmmaking ...

, Plastic arts,

Art history Art history is the study of aesthetic objects and visual expression in historical and stylistic context. Traditionally, the discipline of art history emphasized painting, drawing, sculpture, architecture, ceramics and decorative arts; yet today ...

Political science Political science is the scientific study of politics. It is a social science dealing with systems of governance and power, and the analysis of political activities, political thought, political behavior, and associated constitutions and la ...

Mathematics Mathematics is an area of knowledge that includes the topics of numbers, formulas and related structures, shapes and the spaces in which they are contained, and quantities and their changes. These topics are represented in modern mathematics ...

Management Management (or managing) is the administration of an organization, whether it is a business, a nonprofit organization, or a government body. It is the art and science of managing resources of the business. Management includes the activities o ...

, and

Social sciences Social science is one of the branches of science, devoted to the study of societies and the relationships among individuals within those societies. The term was formerly used to refer to the field of sociology, the original "science of soci ...

. Pantheon-Sorbonne's headquarters is located on the

Place du Panthéon The Place du Panthéon ( las dy pɑ̃teɔ̃ is a square in the 5th arrondissement of Paris, France. Located in the Latin Quarter, it is named after and surrounds the Panthéon. Rue Soufflot, west of the Place du Panthéon, runs towards Bouleva ...

in the

Latin Quarter The Latin Quarter of Paris (french: Quartier latin, ) is an area in the 5th and the 6th arrondissements of Paris. It is situated on the left bank of the Seine, around the Sorbonne. Known for its student life, lively atmosphere, and bistro ...

, an area in the 5th and the 6th arrondissements of Paris. The university also occupies part of the historical

Sorbonne Sorbonne may refer to: * Sorbonne (building), historic building in Paris, which housed the University of Paris and is now shared among multiple universities. *the University of Paris (c. 1150 – 1970) *one of its components or linked institution, ...

campus. The current name of the university refers to these two symbolic buildings: the Sorbonne and the Panthéon (Saint-Jacques part). Overall, its campus includes over 25 buildings in Paris, such as the Centre Pierre Mendès France ("Tolbiac"), the Maison des Sciences Économiques, among others. Panthéon-Sorbonne was globally ranked 287th (9th of France) in the 2021

QS World University Rankings ''QS World University Rankings'' is an annual publication of university rankings by Quacquarelli Symonds (QS). The QS system comprises three parts: the global overall ranking, the subject rankings (which name the world's top universities for the ...

and 601-800th (32nd of France) in the 2020 ''

The Times Higher Education ''Times Higher Education'' (''THE''), formerly ''The Times Higher Education Supplement'' (''The Thes''), is a British magazine reporting specifically on news and issues related to higher education. Ownership TPG Capital acquired TSL Education ...

''. It was also ranked by the 2019 QS Rankings by Subject as being 1st in France in Archaeology, History, Law, and Economics. In the French Eduniversal rankings, it is ranked 2nd of France in Economics and 2nd in Law.

History

The historic

(french: Université de Paris) first appeared in the second half of the 12th century, but was reorganised in 1970 as 13 autonomous

universities A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In the United States, t ...

after the student protests of the

French May Beginning in May 1968, a period of civil unrest occurred throughout France, lasting some seven weeks and punctuated by demonstrations, general strikes, as well as the occupation of universities and factories. At the height of events, which h ...

. Following months of conflict between students and authorities at the University of Paris at Nanterre, the administration shut down that university on 2 May 1968. Students of the University of Paris protested the closure and the threatened expulsion of several students at Nanterre on 3 May 1968. After the student protests of May and June 1968, thirteen universities succeeded to the

(nicknamed "the Sorbonne"), which ceased to exist. While

Paris-Sorbonne University Paris-Sorbonne University (also known as Paris IV; french: Université Paris-Sorbonne, Paris IV) was a public research university in Paris, France, active from 1971 to 2017. It was the main inheritor of the Faculty of Humanities of the Universit ...

and

Sorbonne Nouvelle The New Sorbonne University (french: Université de la Sorbonne Nouvelle, also known as Paris III) is a public university in Paris, France. It is one of the inheritors of the historic University of Paris, which was completely overhauled and rest ...

succeeded the faculty of humanities of the University of Paris, Panthéon-Assas University the

faculty of law A faculty is a division within a university or college comprising one subject area or a group of related subject areas, possibly also delimited by level (e.g. undergraduate). In American usage such divisions are generally referred to as colleges ...

, and

Pierre and Marie Curie University Pierre and Marie Curie University (french: link=no, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, UPMC), also known as Paris 6, was a public university, public research university in Paris, France, from 1971 to 2017. The university was located on the Jussi ...

and Paris Descartes University the faculty of sciences, Panthéon-Sorbonne University was founded as an interdisciplinary university. Indeed, most of the law professors of the faculty of law and economics of the University of Paris wished only to restructure their faculty into a university. However, most of the faculty's economists and political scientists, whose disciplines were secondary in the

Faculty of Law of Paris The Faculty of Law of Paris (french: Faculté de droit de Paris), called from the late 1950s to 1970 the Faculty of Law and Economics of Paris, is the second-oldest faculty of law in the world and one of the four and eventually five faculties ...

, wanted to join a multidisciplinary universityConac, p. 178. they hurried ahead of their colleagues and established ''Paris I'' and were joined by professors of the faculty of humanities and few professors of the faculty of law and economics. The name of the university show this interdisciplinarity: the

building is the traditional seat of the Humanities studies in Paris (hence it is also used by Paris III and

University Paris-Sorbonne Paris-Sorbonne University (also known as Paris IV; french: Université Paris-Sorbonne, Paris IV) was a public research university in Paris, France, active from 1971 to 2017. It was the main inheritor of the Faculty of Humanities of the Universit ...

), and the Panthéon building is, with the Assas building, the traditional seat of the law studies (hence it is also used by Panthéon-Assas University). The three official co-founders of the university were Henri Bartoli (Economy), Hélène Ahrweiler (Humanities) and François Luchaire (Law).

Campuses

Centre
Sorbonne Sorbonne may refer to: * Sorbonne (building), historic building in Paris, which housed the University of Paris and is now shared among multiple universities. the University of Paris (c. 1150 – 1970) one of its components or linked institution, ...

The centre Sorbonne houses multiple departments of university Panthéon-Sorbonne, including department of Management (Ecole de Management de la Sorbonne), History (Ecole d’histoire de la Sorbonne), Philosophy (UFR de Philosophie), Political Science (UFR de Science Politique) and part of the Economics and Law departments. It is one of the main campuses of the university.

Centre Pantheon

The Center Pantheon, which should not be confused with the Pantheon itself, was the building of the Faculty of Law of the former Universisty of Paris and is located opposite the Pantheon. It was designed by Jacques-Germain Soufflot in 1760 as part of a new architectural ensemble for the Montagne Sainte-Geneviève. The Faculty of Law building was completed in 1744. At the end of the 19th century, when the Sorbonne was undergoing major reforms, an extension was planned for the Panthéon building, designed by Louis-Ernest Lheureux. The extension took place in two phases, 1876-1878 and 1891-1899, and gave rise to the construction of a large new building connected to the 18th century facade. Together, they now occupied the entire city block. The construction of the Cujas wing, an 8-storey building on rue Cujas designed by the architect Jacques Becmeur, comprising a car park, an amphitheater and 4 floors of offices , is connected to the historic buildings by a monumental staircase which was later decorated by the students of the UFR d'Arts Plastiques. The main courtyard and the facades of the original building were listed as Historic Monuments in 1926. The Panthéon center houses the Presidency of the University of Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne.

Institute of Geography

The Institute of Geography was built between 1914 and 1926 by Henri-Paul Nénot. The Institute was designed to bring together in a single building the collections, teaching and research in geography, hitherto divided between the faculties of arts and sciences. The building is connected to the neighboring Oceanographic Institute by a double arch to form the Curie campus. The occupation of the Institute of Geography results from a decree of December 1, 1980 concerning joint ownership between the three universities Paris 1, Paris 4 (today Sorbonne University), Paris 7 (today University of Paris) and the Library interuniversity of the Sorbonne. Today, the building houses students of Geography department from 3rd year of Bachelor degree.

Institute of Art and Archeology (Centre Michelet)

The Institute of Art and Archeology was built on the site of the former Institute of Applied Chemistry of the Faculty of Sciences by the architect Paul Bigot (1870-1942). The building offers in particular to the gaze of walkers, at the base of the large arcades, a frieze formed of terracotta bas-reliefs reproducing famous works of world art (Parthenon, Ara Pacis Augustae, etc.). The syncretism desired by Paul Bigot gives the Institute of Art and Archeology an educational virtue that resonates with the function of the building. Inside, the entrance vestibule, the amphitheater and the large reading room of the library, which occupies the heart of the building, have retained their volumes, but, on the floors, the galleries which housed the collections The heritage structures constituted in the Sorbonne and Paul Bigot's plan of Rome were abolished in the 1970s in favor of a partitioning of spaces into classrooms and teachers' offices, following the massification of higher education. Initially designed for 200 students and 3 professors, the building now houses, equally, the art history and archeology departments of the two universities of Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne and Sorbonne University (formerly Paris IV), several thousand students and nearly 150 tenured teacher-researchers.Property of the State, the Institute of Art and Archeology is assigned, by ministerial decree of June 30, 1983, in endowment to the two universities Paris 1 and Paris IV and registered in this form in the registers of the State. It has been classified as a Historic Monument since September 9, 1996.

Campus Port-Royal

The brand new Campus Port-Royal is spread over two neighboring sites: the René-Cassin building located at 17 rue Saint-Hippolyte and, on the other side of the street, the former Lourcine barracks, which covers the entire block between boulevard de Port-Royal and rue de la Glacière, Broca and Saint-Hippolyte. The René-Cassin site is made up of two buildings: a 19th century building acquired by the Ministry of National Education in 1957 and restructured in 1987, but above all a new building built between 1987 and 1990 by the architects Jacques Ripault and Denise Duhart. The former Lourcine barracks, located at 37 boulevard Port-Royal, is one of the oldest military sites in Paris. Matured since 2011, the project to create a new law campus was entrusted in 2014 to the Public Establishment for University Development of the Ile de France region (EPAURIF) with a contracting authority mandate. The architectural challenge of the project was to preserve this heritage, testimony of the urban history of this district by touching it as little as possible, while developing it in an optimal way. In addition to the three buildings on the Lourcine block, the current René-Cassin center has been attached to the new site to give birth to the Port-Royal Campus from the start of the 2019 academic year. This new center of Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne allows, between others, the grouping of sites dedicated to legal disciplines. It welcomes students, teachers, researchers and staff in exceptional working conditions. More than 2,400 people now occupy this new campus.

Pierre Mendès-France Center

In November 1970, Olivier Guichard, then Minister of National Education, decided to build a new university education center at the corner of rue de Tolbiac and rue de Baudricourt in the 13th arrondissement. In January 1971, the architects Michel Andraut and Pierre Parat were entrusted with the construction of the new building. The model of the project was presented by the architects on November 16, 1971. After two years of construction, the new university center opened its doors in the fall of 1973 under the name of "Multidisciplinary Center of Tolbiac". Renamed in 1983 in honor of the French politician Pierre Mendès France, the Center Pierre-Mendès-France was built in the context of post-68 university programs and the urban renewal of the Italy XIII sector undertaken since 1964. The site – a cramped triangular plot of 7,500 m² hitherto occupied by a deposit of cobblestones – led to the original and ambitious choice of vertical development, which is quite unusual in terms of university architecture. The architects imagined a high-rise building (IGH) composed of three towers of unequal heights built around a central reinforced concrete core: tower A is nine stories high, tower B sixteen, and tower C of twenty-two. Andrault and Parat worked on the building in a quest for functionality and formal expressiveness which involves deconstructing the volumes, vigorously linking the lift towers ensuring vertical circulation in the building, "urban modules" which are these “suspended” cubic volumes sheltering the offices and the classrooms, and the amphitheatres which unfold in a corolla at the base of the building. This sculptural work is extended by a brutalist aesthetic based on the association of rough concrete, smoked glass, bricks, pebbles or even by the moving "landscape" imagined within the framework of the 1% artistic by Bernard Alleaume and Yvette Vincent-Alleaume at the base of the building to enliven the spaces overlooking rue de Tolbiac. The Pierre-Mendès-France Center currently welcomes around 6,000 first and second year undergraduate students in human sciences, economics and management. * Tolbiac Center : a secondary building of the Mendès-France Center (which confusingly is also called Tolbiac). There are other campuses of Paris 1 in the Parisian areas : * Albert Châtelet Center : commonly called Calvin, it is a secondary building of the Sorbonne. * Rue d'Ulm Center : like Calvin, a secondary building of the Sorbonne. * Institute of Philosophy of Sciences and Techniques (IHPST) : located in the Rue du Four. * Mahler Center : located in the 4th arrondissement, it houses an historical and legal studies institute. * Saint-Charles Center : located in the 15th arrondissement. Founded in 1973, it houses the Art School and the School of Cinema. * Economical Studies Building : located in the 13th arrondissement. It houses the Economics Graduate School. * Broca Center : Located in the 5th arrondissement. It houses the Business School. * International Building : located in the Boulevard Arago, commonly called Arago. It houses the International Relations Institute. * Fontenay Center : located in the suburban town of

Fontenay-aux-Roses Fontenay-aux-Roses () is a Communes of France, commune in the southwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the Kilometre Zero, center of Paris. In 1880 a girls school École Normale Supérieure was opened in the town. It was one of ...

, in the old buildings of the

École Normale Supérieure École may refer to: * an elementary school in the French educational stages normally followed by secondary education establishments (collège and lycée) * École (river), a tributary of the Seine flowing in région Île-de-France * École, Savoi ...

. It houses the School of Work Social Sciences. ** Sceaux Center : in the suburban town of Sceaux, it is a secondary building of the Fontenay Center. ** Bourg-la-Reine Center : located in Bourg-la-Reine, it is a secondary building of the Fontenay Center. ** Nogent Center : located in

Nogent-sur-Marne Nogent-sur-Marne () is a commune in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris. Nogent-sur-Marne is a '' sous-préfecture'' of the Val-de-Marne ''département'', being the seat of the Arrondissement of Nogent-s ...

, it is a secondary building of the Fontenay Center.

Organisation and administration

Departments

Sorbonne School of History

Teaching and research are spread over several sites in Paris: on the left bank, in the Latin Quarter (Sorbonne, Panthéon, Centre rue du Four) and in the Pierre Mendès France Centre (Tolbiac); on the right bank ( Institut National d'Histoire de l'Art, Centre rue Malher, and Campus Condorcet on the Aubervilliers site, and in 2024 on the La Chapelle site). The School has 17 specialized libraries, among the richest in the world in their scientific fields, for books and document collections and for access to digital holdings. The

Bibliothèque Interuniversitaire de la Sorbonne The Bibliothèque interuniversitaire de la Sorbonne () is an inter-university library in Paris, France. It is situated in the Sorbonne (building), Sorbonne building. It is a medieval institution of the Sorbonne, which evolved over the centuries as ...

(BIS) is an additional resource.

Sorbonne School of Arts

The Sorbonne School of Arts (École des arts de la Sorbonne) is the unit of Training and Research in Plastic Arts and Art Sciences (UFR 04) of the University of Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, teaches art through its most contemporary issues, through practice, but also the analysis of works and their mediation.The school offers a variety of courses ranging from Visual Arts, Cinema and Audiovisual, to Cinema/Management, as well as Aesthetics and Art Sciences, Design, Arts and Media, Arts and Culture and a Preparatory Course for the Teaching Profession (PPPE) specialized in Plastic Arts. Located in the heart of the 15th arrondissement, at 47 rue des Bergers, in a building of more than 7000 square meters entirely dedicated to it - the Saint Charles Center - the EAS welcomes nearly 3000 students. It has a university library specifically dedicated to art and creation, an amphitheater, a contemporary art gallery, classrooms for theoretical courses, workshops for artistic practices (sculpture, painting, ceramics, silk-screen printing, engraving, a silver and digital photography laboratory, a Fab Lab... ), an office for the loan of audiovisual material, computer rooms, editing rooms, etc. .

Sorbonne Law School

Panthéon-Sorbonne united in 2009 all legal studies in the university and gave that new department the name of ''École de droit de la Sorbonne'' ("Sorbonne

Law School A law school (also known as a law centre or college of law) is an institution specializing in legal education, usually involved as part of a process for becoming a lawyer within a given jurisdiction. Law degrees Argentina In Argentina, ...

"). The Sorbonne Law School holds since 1993 with Cornell University, the "

Cornell Law School Cornell Law School is the law school of Cornell University, a private Ivy League university in Ithaca, New York. One of the five Ivy League law schools, it offers four law degree programs, JD, LLM, MSLS and JSD, along with several dual-deg ...

-Université Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne Summer Institute of Comparative and International Law". Since March 7, 2022, Mrs. Chantal Arens, First President of the Court of Cassation signed a partnership agreement between the Court of Cassation and the University of Paris 1 Panthéon Sorbonne. This partnership will result in the organization of colloquiums, the development of research projects involving judges of the Court of Cassation and will allow the hosting of student interns within the Court.

Sorbonne School of Economics

The Sorbonne School of Economics (EES, formerly UFR02 - Economics) was created in 1971.

Other

* Sorbonne School of Management * Geography * Philosophy * Political Science * Applied Mathematics and Computer Science

Institutes

* Sorbonne Graduate Business School * Institute for the Study of Economic and Social Development (IEDES) * Paris Demography Institute (IDUP) * Institute for Research and Advanced Studies in Tourism (IREST) * Institute of Labour Studies (ISST) * Institute of Philosophy of Sciences and Techniques (IHPST) * Institute for War and Peace Studies * Institute of Juridical and Philosophical Sciences (ISJPS)

Sorbonne Publishing

Sorbonne Publishing (Editions de la Sorbonne) is a publishing house of the Panthéon-Sorbonne University. It has published over 700 books since 1971 and publishes approximately 50 new titles a year.

Academics

Undergraduate admission

The University of Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne receives the most applications, with more than 113,000 applicants for only 6,164 places. More than 22.84% of students accepted by the university having received highest honors ("mention très bien") in high school during the 2019 session (first of France). In Law, in 2021, the rate of "with honors" and "with highest honors" mentions among the admitted students reached a high of 91% (second of France, after Panthéon-Assas).

Teaching and learning

Research

Every year around 400 PhD theses are defended and 1,700 pre-PhD post-graduate degrees are awarded in 74 subjects divided between 15 graduate schools.

Documentary resource centers

In Economics, the library at the Centre Pierre Mendès France offers students free access to its large collection. In Law, the

Cujas Library Cujas Library (french: Bibliothèque Cujas), named after the French jurist and scholar Jacques Cujas (1520–1590), is an academic research library, and the largest law library in Europe.Oswald, Godfrey (2008). '' Library world records'' (2nd ...

, co-administered with Panthéon-Assas, with its computerized documentation service, provides access to over 500 data banks and is the largest law and economics library in France. In Humanities, The Sorbonne library, a common library of Panthéon-Sorbonne University, Sorbonne-Nouvelle University,

Sorbonne University Sorbonne University (french: Sorbonne Université; la Sorbonne: 'the Sorbonne') is a public research university located in Paris, France. The institution's legacy reaches back to 1257 when Sorbonne College was established by Robert de Sorbon ...

, Paris Descartes University, and

Paris Diderot University Paris Diderot University, also known as Paris 7 (french: Université Paris Diderot), was a French university located in Paris, France. It was one of the inheritors of the historic University of Paris, which was split into 13 universities in 197 ...

. It is administered by Panthéon-Sorbonne University as per a governing agreement signed among these universities in 2000. It has a collection of almost three million books, 100,000 of which are more than 200 years old, and 17,500 periodicals covering all the humanities. The library and map collection of the Geography Institute are the oldest such collection in France. In addition, the 400,000 volumes in the specialist libraries offer users one of the largest collections in France and Europe.

International

Panthéon-Sorbonne has signed over 150 conventions with foreign universities across five continents. These exchanges revolve around international networks such as

Europaeum The Europaeum is a network of eighteen universities in Europe. It was conceived of in 1990–1991 by Lord Weidenfeld and Sir Ronnie Grierson and they persuaded Roy Jenkins, who had just become Chancellor of the University of Oxford, to push t ...

which bring together

Oxford Oxford () is a city in England. It is the county town and only city of Oxfordshire. In 2020, its population was estimated at 151,584. It is north-west of London, south-east of Birmingham and north-east of Bristol. The city is home to the ...

London London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a majo ...

Bologna Bologna (, , ; egl, label= Emilian, Bulåggna ; lat, Bononia) is the capital and largest city of the Emilia-Romagna region in Northern Italy. It is the seventh most populous city in Italy with about 400,000 inhabitants and 150 different nat ...

Bonn The federal city of Bonn ( lat, Bonna) is a city on the banks of the Rhine in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, with a population of over 300,000. About south-southeast of Cologne, Bonn is in the southernmost part of the Rhine-Ruhr r ...

Geneva Geneva ( ; french: Genève ) frp, Genèva ; german: link=no, Genf ; it, Ginevra ; rm, Genevra is the List of cities in Switzerland, second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and the most populous city of Romandy, the French-speaki ...

Helsinki Helsinki ( or ; ; sv, Helsingfors, ) is the Capital city, capital, primate city, primate, and List of cities and towns in Finland, most populous city of Finland. Located on the shore of the Gulf of Finland, it is the seat of the region of U ...

Leiden Leiden (; in English and archaic Dutch also Leyden) is a city and municipality in the province of South Holland, Netherlands. The municipality of Leiden has a population of 119,713, but the city forms one densely connected agglomeration wit ...

and

Prague Prague ( ; cs, Praha ; german: Prag, ; la, Praga) is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic, and the historical capital of Bohemia. On the Vltava river, Prague is home to about 1.3 million people. The city has a temperate ...

. The University of Paris I also heads a number of consortia which bring together French universities and professional organisations. The consortia are responsible for major international projects in

Bucharest Bucharest ( , ; ro, București ) is the capital and largest city of Romania, as well as its cultural, industrial, and financial centre. It is located in the southeast of the country, on the banks of the Dâmbovița River, less than north of ...

Buenos Aires Buenos Aires ( or ; ), officially the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires ( es, link=no, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires), is the capital and primate city of Argentina. The city is located on the western shore of the Río de la Plata, on South ...

Cairo Cairo ( ; ar, القاهرة, al-Qāhirah, ) is the capital of Egypt and its largest city, home to 10 million people. It is also part of the largest urban agglomeration in Africa, the Arab world and the Middle East: The Greater Cairo metro ...

Istanbul Istanbul ( , ; tr, İstanbul ), formerly known as Constantinople ( grc-gre, Κωνσταντινούπολις; la, Constantinopolis), is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city in Turkey, serving as the country's economic, ...

(Galatasaray), and Moscow. Every year some 130 academics from foreign universities come to teach and do research at the University of Paris I. Many researchers and members of faculty take part in major international research programs abroad; the University also hosts many annual international conferences. Six thousand international students, mainly from Europe, come to study as part of the

SOCRATES Socrates (; ; –399 BC) was a Greek philosopher from Athens who is credited as the founder of Western philosophy and among the first moral philosophers of the ethical tradition of thought. An enigmatic figure, Socrates authored no te ...

TEMPUS Tempus is a Latin word meaning time and a Finnish, Swedish and German word meaning grammatical tense. It may also refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Television *"Tempus, Anyone?", 1996 episode of ''Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Super ...

programmes. African students are joined by increasing numbers from Asia and America, and take part in specific programs organised in conjunction with universities across the world.

Dual and double degree programs

At Panthéon-Sorbonne, students can apply for admission to one of the dual degree or double degree programs designed in conjunction with partner universities in France and abroad. Double degree programs confer two degrees to students, whereas dual degrees confer a degree from the host university only.

Rankings

International rankings

In 2021, Pantheon-Sorbonne was globally ranked 287th (9th of France) by

and 601-800th (32nd of France) by

. It does not currently appear in the latest

US News ''U.S. News & World Report'' (USNWR) is an American media company that publishes news, consumer advice, rankings, and analysis. It was launched in 1948 as the merger of domestic-focused weekly newspaper ''U.S. News'' and international-focused ...

ranking of world universities. Regarding world reputation, it was ranked 101-125th in The Times Higher Education World Reputation Rankings of 2021. By area or subject, it was ranked: * In the 2021 QS World University Rankings ** Arts and Humanities: 31st (1st in France) *** Classics & Ancient History: 12th (2nd in France) *** Archaeology: 25th (1st in France) *** Philosophy: 27th (2nd in France) *** History: 33th (1st in France) *** Geography: 35th (1st in France) *** Modern Languages: 67th ( 3rd in France) *** Art & Design: 101st-150th (4th in France) *** Architecture & Built Environment: 151st-200th (1st in France) ** Social Sciences: 62st (4th in France) *** Law: 20th (1st in France) *** Development Studies: 37th (1st in France) *** Economics & Econometrics: 80h (3nd in France) *** Politics & International Studies: 51st-100th (2nd in France) *** Anthropology: 51st-100th (1st in France, tied) *** Social Policy & Administration: 101st-120th (2nd in France) *** Accounting & Finance: 101st-150th (5th in France, tied) *** Business & Management studies: 101st-150th (7th in France, tied) * In the 2022 Times Higher Education: ** Arts and Humanities: 47th (2rd in France) ** Law: 48th (1st in France) ** Social Sciences: 251-300 (6th in France) ** Business and Economics: 251-300 (6th in France)

National rankings

Economics and business In Economics, its undergraduate program is ranked second of the French universities by Eduniversal. Its masters programs are ranked 4th of the French Universities or academic institution by Eduniversal. In Business, Panthéon-Sorbonne is ranked 14 by Eduniversal, second of the universities, behind

Paris Dauphine University Paris Dauphine University - PSL (french: Université Paris-Dauphine, also known as Paris Dauphine - PSL or Dauphine - PSL) is a public research university based in Paris, France. It is one of the 13 universities formed by the division of the ancie ...

. Law Panthéon-Sorbonne law programs are globally ranked second by Eduniversal. Panthéon-Sorbonne undergraduate law program are ranked as follow: * Law: 2nd * Law and Economics: 2nd * Law and English: 2nd Graduate programs are ranked as follow: * Social Law: 2nd and 3rd * Digital Law : 3rd * Tax law: 5th In terms of salary, Panthéon-Sorbonne law graduates are ranked second in France. Humanities No national ranking exists in Humanities.

Controversies

Tolbiac blockades

The Tolbiac center of Paris 1, which previously hosted the undergraduate lectures in law, is regularly subject to blockades, which cause cancellation of all lectures up to several months, including in 1995, 1997, 2006, 2007–09, 2010 and 2018.

Attempts of automatic pass for students

Student unions regularly demand that the university grant student an automatic pass, in particular at each blockade or strike. In 2020, during the covid crisis, the committee at Paris I in charge of exams decided to grant that right (i.e. to cancel marks under 10), but some professors asked the courts to cancel this decision A first court validated the decision of the committee, but a second one cancelled its decision.

People

This list includes notable people affiliated with the Pantheon-Sorbonne University. For people affiliated with the University of Paris which ceased to exist in 1970, see

List of University of Paris people This is an incomplete list of notable people affiliated with the University of Paris, often called "La Sorbonne". Faculty professors * Jean-Jacques Ampère (1800–1864), French philologist * St. Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274), Doctor of the Ch ...

Notable academics

Michèle Alliot-Marie Michèle Yvette Marie-Thérèse Jeanne Honorine Alliot-Marie (; born 10 September 1946), known in France as MAM, is a French politician and Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from France. She is a member of the Republicans, part of the Eu ...

: State doctorate in political science, former director of the Faculty of Political Science, former Minister (Defense, Interior, Justice and Foreign Affairs) and former UMP MP in the National Assembly. *

Jeannette Bougrab Jeannette Bougrab (born 26 August 1973) is a French lawyer and politician of the UMP who served as the junior minister for Youth and Community Life in the government of Prime Minister François Fillon from 2010 to 2012.'Bougrab incarnera la diver ...

, Associate Professor of Law *

Christian de Boissieu Christian de Boissieu (born 18 March 1947) is a French professor of economics at Pantheon-Sorbonne University, Paris. Biography Christian de Boissieu received a Ph.D. in economics in 1973 at the University of Paris-I Panthéon-Sorbonne. He wa ...

, Professor of Economics * Jane Freedman, former Marie Curie Professor of Politics and International Relations *

Jean-Claude Colliard Jean-Claude Colliard (15 March 1946 – 27 March 2014) was a French academic and senior public servant. Colliard was born in Paris. He graduated from the Paris Institute of Political Studies (Sciences Po), and obtained a Ph.D. in law from the U ...

, director of the Department of Political Science *

Jean-Pierre Cot Jean-Pierre Cot (born 23 October 1937 in Geneva, Switzerland) is a French jurist who has served as a judge at the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea. Biography He is the son of Pierre Cot, also a politician and minister. After stu ...

, Professor of international law *

Alpha Condé Alpha Condé (N'Ko: ; born 4 March 1938) is a Guinean politician who served as the fourth president of Guinea from 2010 to 2021. Condé spent decades in opposition to a succession of regimes in Guinea, unsuccessfully running against President La ...

, professor emeritus of law, former

President of Guinea This article lists the presidents of Guinea, since the country gained independence from France in 1958 (after rejecting to join the French Community in a constitutional referendum). List Key ;''Political parties'' * * * ;''Other factions'' * ...

Olga Kisseleva ''Olga Kisseleva'' is a French artist. Olga Kisseleva works mainly in installation, science and media art. Her work employs various media, including video, immersive virtual reality, the Web, wireless technology, performance, large-scale art inst ...

, Professor of Art, founder of Art & Science program of the Sorbonne * Josepha Laroche, Professor of political science *

Louis Lévy-Garboua Louis Lévy-Garboua (born 27 September 1945) is a French economist whose work focuses on behavioral economics and microeconomics. He is a distinguished professor at the University of Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne and at the Paris School of Economics. ...

, Professor of Behavioral Economics *

Daniel Roche Daniel Peter Roche ( ; born 14 October 1999) is an English actor, known for playing Ben Brockman in the BBC One sitcom '' Outnumbered''. Life Roche was born on 14 October 1999 to an English mother and an Irish father. He grew up in north London ...

, historian *

Michel Serres Michel Serres (; 1 September 1930 – 1 June 2019) was a French philosopher, theorist and writer. His works explore themes of science, time and death, and later incorporated prose. Life and career The son of a bargeman, Serres entered France's ...

, philosopher *

Nicolas Warembourg Nicolas Warembourg (born in 1974) is a French jurist, professor of Law at the Sorbonne. He specializes in historic, public and constitutional law. He is regularly interviewed. He is the most highly specialized regarding Guy Coquille. Training H ...

, Professor of Law

Notable alumni

* Sergio de Mello: former

UN High Commissioner for Human Rights The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, commonly known as the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) or the United Nations Human Rights Office, is a department of the Secretariat of the United Nati ...

Yves-Marie Adeline Yves-Marie Adeline Soret de Boisbrunet (born March 24, 1960 in Poitiers, France) better known as Yves-Marie Adeline, is a French Catholic writer. He also was the founder and leader of the French political party, Alliance Royale. Life He is the f ...

: PhD in Arts and art writer *

Samir Assaf Samir Assaf (Arabic: سمير عساف; born 20 June 1960) is a Lebanese Businessman. He is a senior advisor to HSBC's Group Chairman, Group CEO and the tank's business, and non-executive chairman of the boards of HSBC Bank Middle East Limited an ...

: DEA Money Finance Bank, CEO of HSBC Global Banking & Markets *

Maurice Benayoun Maurice Benayoun (aka MoBen or 莫奔) (born 29 March 1957) is a French new-media artist, curator, and theorist based in Paris and Hong Kong. His work employs various media, including video, computer graphics, immersive virtual reality, th ...

: PhD in Arts and Art Sciences, international artist, Professor at City University of Hong Kong. *

: doctor in economics, professor and director of the Council of Economic Analysis *

Ali Bongo Ondimba Ali Bongo Ondimba (born Alain Bernard Bongo; 9 February 1959),"Bongo Ali", ''Gabon: Les hommes de pouvoir'', number 4Africa Intelligence 5 March 2002 . sometimes known as Ali Bongo, is a Gabonese politician who has been the third president of Ga ...

: President of Gabon, the son of former President Omar Bongo and the Minister of Defence from 1999 to 2009. *

Jean-Louis Borloo Jean-Louis Marie Borloo (; born 7 April 1951) is a French politician who served as president of the Union of Democrats and Independents (UDI) from 2012 to 2014. He also was Minister of the Economy, Finance and Employment in 2007 and Minister of ...

: former minister, LLB *

Rosi Braidotti Rosi Braidotti (; born 28 September 1954) is a contemporary philosopher and feminist theoretician. Biography Career Braidotti, who holds Italian and Australian citizenship, was born in Italy and moved to Australia when she was 16, where she ...

, contemporary philosopher and feminist theoretician, distinguished Professor in the Humanities at University of UtrechtRosi Braidotti
Let.uu.nl. Retrieved 2012-11-24. * Jorge Castañeda: Professor at New York University and former Foreign Minister of Mexico. *

Luc Chatel Luc-Marie Chatel () (born on 15 August 1964 in Bethesda, Maryland, USA) is a French politician of the Republicans (LR) who served as Minister of National Education in the government of Prime Minister François Fillon from June 2009 to May 20 ...

: Master of Science in Management, Master of Marketing, Secretary of State for Consumer Affairs and Tourism to the Minister of Economy, Finance and Employment and spokesman for the UMP, former Minister of National Education *

: politician and current President of the Republic of Guinea. *

Régis Debray Jules Régis Debray (; born 2 September 1940) is a French philosopher, journalist, former government official and academic. He is known for his theorization of mediology, a critical theory of the long-term transmission of cultural meaning in hum ...

: ENS, Doctor of Philosophy * Thierry Derez: CEO

Covéa Covéa is a French mutual insurance company that covers property, liability and reinsurance businesses headquartered in Paris. It was formed from the merger of three separate French mutual insurance companies ''Garantie Mutuelle des Fonctionnair ...

Harlem Désir Harlem Jean-Philippe Désir (; born 25 November 1959) is a French politician who served in the government of France as Secretary of State for European Affairs from 2014 to 2017. Previously he was First Secretary of the French Socialist Party. Sin ...

: degree in philosophy, now MEP *

Hazem El Beblawi Hazem El Beblawi (also spelled ''el Beblawy'' ar, حازم عبد العزيز الببلاوى ; born 17 October 1936) is an Egyptian economist and politician who was interim prime minister of Egypt from 2013 until 1 March 2014. Previousl ...

: Former

Prime Minister of Egypt The prime minister of Egypt () is the head of the Egyptian government. A direct translation of the Arabic-language title is "Minister-President of Egypt" and "President of the Government". The Arabic title can also be translated as "President of ...

Myriam El Khomri Myriam El Khomri (born 18 February 1978) is a former French politician of the Socialist Party (PS) who served as Minister of Labour in the government of Prime Minister Manuel Valls from 2015 to 2017. Early life and education El Khomri was bo ...

: Masters in Political Sciences, former Minister of Labour * Abdullah Ensour: Former Prime Minister of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan *

Taieb Fassi Fihri Taieb Fassi Fihri (born 9 April 1958) is a Moroccan politician who is Counsellor to King Mohammed VI since 2012. He was Secretary of State of Foreign Affairs from 1993 to 2007, then foreign minister from 2007 to 2012. Education and career Fa ...

: Moroccan Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation. * Sylvie Faucheux, president of the University of Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines. *

Laurence Ferrari Laurence Ferrari ( ; born 5 July 1966) is a French journalist, best known as a former anchor of the TF1 weekday evening news ''Le 20H''."À TF1, Laurence Ferrari va remplacer Patrick Poivre d’Arvor", ''Le Monde'', Guy DutheiLemonde.frRetrieve ...

: Master of political and social communication, journalist * Olivia Fox Cabane: Author, business consultant and public speaker *

Jean Claude Gandur Jean Claude Gandur (born 18 February 1949) is a French-born Swiss businessman. Early life Jean Claude Gandur was born in Grasse, France in 1949. Gandur studied law and political science at the University of Lausanne and history at Pantheon-Sorb ...

, former Chairman and CEO of

Addax Petroleum Addax Petroleum was established in 1994 and since August 2009, has been a subsidiary of the Sinopec Group, one of the largest oil and gas producers in China, the biggest oil refiner in Asia and the third largest worldwide. Addax Petroleum was an ...

Irakli Garibashvili Irakli Garibashvili ( ka, ირაკლი ღარიბაშვილი, also transliterated as Gharibashvili; born 28 June 1982) is a Georgian politician and a former business executive who serves as the prime minister of Georgia since 22 ...

: Prime Minister of Georgia *

Shaul Gordon Shaul Gordon (born July 11, 1994) is a Canadian fencer in the sabre discipline. Gordon has represented the country on the international stage since 2013, and has competed at two Pan American Games and six World Fencing Championships. Gordon forme ...

: Canadian-Israeli Olympic sabre fencer *

Théodore Holo Théodore Holo (born 15 April 1948) is a Beninese politician, academic, and judge. He was the foreign minister of Benin from 1991 to 1992. Born in Porto Novo and educated abroad, Holo taught at the Ecole Nationale d'Administration from 1979 to ...

: President of the High Court of Justice of Benin and former Minister *

Chantal Jouanno Chantal Jouanno (née Paul; born 12 July 1969 in Vernon, Eure, France) is a French politician who served as Minister of Sports in the government of Prime Minister François Fillon from 14 November 2010 and 26 September 2011, succeeding to Rose ...

: Minister of Youth and Sports, control of economic and social administration * Franck Julien, president of the TFN *

Giorgos Kaminis Georgios Kaminis ( el, Γεώργιος Καμίνης; born 15 July 1954) is a Greek American parliamentarian and professor of constitutional law. He was the Greek Ombudsman from April 2003 until September 2010 and Mayor of Athens from 2011 un ...

: Mayor of the capital of Greece (Athens) and Greek Ombudsman from April 2003 until September 2010. *

Andreas Kaplan Andreas Marcus Kaplan (born October 5, 1977) is Professor of Marketing at the ESCP Business School. He is specialized in the areas of social media, viral marketing, and the digital world in general. Life Kaplan was born on October 5, 1977, and ...

, economist *

: PhD in Arts and Art Sciences, international artist, Professor at the Sorbonne Art School. * Fabrizio Marrella: PhD in International Law, Full Professor of International Law (Venice and Rome, Italy). Arbitrator and Counsel. Honorary Dean HRV of the European Inter-University Center for Human Rights. *

Ibrahim Hassane Mayaki Ibrahim Assane Mayaki (born September 24, 1951) is a Nigerien politician, who served as the Prime Minister of Niger from November 27, 1997, to January 3, 2000. Fourth Republic Under President Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara, who seized power in a Janu ...

: PhD in public law, politician, former Prime Minister of Niger *

Arnaud Montebourg Arnaud Montebourg (; born 30 October 1962) is a French politician, lawyer and entrepreneur who served as the Minister of Industrial Renewal from 2012 to 2014,André Mba Obame André Mba Obame (15 June 1957"Mba Obame André", ''Gabon: Les hommes de pouvoir'', number 4Africa Intelligence 5 March 2002 . – 12 April 2015) was a Gabonese politician. After serving as an adviser to President Omar Bongo in the 1980s, he w ...

: former interior minister in Gabon, losing the presidential election in 2009 *

Daniel Ona Ondo Daniel Ona Ondo (born 10 July 1945) is a Gabonese politician who was Prime Minister of Gabon from January 2014 to September 2016. He previously served as Minister of Education and First Vice-President of the National Assembly. He is a member of th ...

PhD in Economics, academic and politician Gabon * Renganaden Padayachy: Ph.D. in Economics, Minister of Finance (Mauritius) *

Vincent Peillon Vincent Benoît Camille Peillon (; born 7 July 1960) is a French politician who served as Minister for Education in the French Government. He is a longstanding French politician and, from 2014 until 2019, served as a Member of the European Parlia ...

: Bachelor, CAPES, aggregation and doctorate in philosophy. Former MEP, former member of the Somme and the current Minister of National Education. * Emmanuelle Polack, art historian, provenance researcher, director of research at the Musée du Louvre. *

Yazid Sabeg Yazid Sabeg (born 8 January 1950 in Guelma, Algeria), is the president of the administrative council of the French high-technology firm CS Communication and Systems and also a member of the French Institute of International and Strategic Relat ...

: CS executive and communication systems, and Commissioner for Diversity and Equal Opportunities since 17 December 2008 *

Maristela Salvatori Maristela Salvatori (born 1960), is an artist and printmaker. She has a degree in Fine Art from the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Artes, where she teaches on the undergraduate and Postgraduate Visual Arts Programme and c ...

: Award-winning Brazilian printmaker *

Manal Abdel Samad Manal Abdel Samad Najd ( ar, منال عبد الصمد; 28 March 1975) is a Lebanese politician who held the position of the Minister of Information in the Cabinet of the Prime Minister Hassan Diab in the year 2020. Education From the year 2 ...

: Lebane politician and former Minister of Information *

Alexander Stubb Cai-Göran Alexander Stubb (born 1 April 1968) is a Finnish politician who served as Prime Minister of Finland from 2014 to 2015. He rose to politics as a researcher specialized in the affairs of the European Union and was elected to the European ...

: Former

Prime Minister of Finland The prime minister of Finland ( fi, Suomen pääministeri; ) is the leader of the Finnish Government. The prime minister and their cabinet exercise executive authority in the state. The prime minister is formally ranked third in the protocol ...

William Sweet William Sweet (born 1955) is a Canadians, Canadian philosopher, and a past president of the Canadian Philosophical Association and of the Canadian Theological Society. Biography Sweet was born in St. Albert, Alberta, St. Albert near Edmonton, ...

: DEA in Political Sciences, philosopher, member of the Royal Society of Canada. *

Jean-Pierre Thiollet Jean-Pierre Thiollet (; born 9 December 1956) is a French writer and journalist. Primarily living in Paris, he is the author of numerous books and one of the national leaders of the European Confederation of Independent Trade Unions (CEDI), a ...

: Writer *

Jean-Marc Lofficier Jean-Marc Lofficier (; born June 22, 1954) is a French author of books about films and television programs, as well as numerous comics and translations of a number of animation screenplays. He usually collaborates with his wife, Randy Lofficier ( ...

: Writer, publisher *

Manuel Valls Manuel Carlos Valls Galfetti (, , ; born 13 August 1962) is a French-Spanish politician who has served as a Barcelona city councillor from 2019 to 2021. He served as Prime Minister of France from 2014 until 2016 under president François Hol ...

: Degree in History. Mayor of Évry, Essonne and former Prime minister *

Laurent Wauquiez Laurent Timothée Marie Wauquiez (; born 12 April 1975) is a French politician who has presided over the Regional Council of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes since 2016. He is a member of The Republicans (LR), which he led from 2017 to 2019 following the ...

: Masters in History, former Minister of Higher Education and Research *

Alfredo Tjiurimo Hengari Alfredo Tjiurimo Hengari (born 8 December 1974 in Windhoek) is a Namibian who serves as the presidential press secretary to President Hage Geingob. Hengari schooled at A. Shipena High School in Katutura and enrolled for B.A. in political scien ...

: PhD in Politics,

Namibia Namibia (, ), officially the Republic of Namibia, is a country in Southern Africa. Its western border is the Atlantic Ocean. It shares land borders with Zambia and Angola to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south and ea ...

n Special Advisor (on Media) to President

Hage Geingob Hage Gottfried Geingob (born 3 August 1941) is a Namibian politician, serving as the third president of Namibia since 21 March 2015. Geingob was the first Prime Minister of Namibia from 1990 to 2002, and served as prime minister again from 2012 ...

. *

Miloš Jovanović Miloš Jovanović (, ; born 19 August 1976) is a Serbs, Serbian politician, lawyer, and a political scientist. He is the president of the New Democratic Party of Serbia, and a docent at the University of Belgrade Faculty of Law, Faculty of Law, U ...

: Serbian political scientist and a politician, president of the

Democratic Party of Serbia The New Democratic Party of Serbia ( sr, Нова демократска странка Србије, Nova demokratska stranka Srbije, , NDSS or New DSS) is a national-conservative political party in Serbia. Initially known and formed as Democ ...

References

Sources

External links

Official website
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pantheon-Sorbonne University Universities in Paris Buildings and structures in the 5th arrondissement of Paris Educational institutions established in 1971 1971 establishments in France Universities descended from the University of Paris